INTRODUCTION:

Poverty is a state or condition in which an individual or network lacks financial assets and the basis of a basic lifestyle. Poverty means that company wages are so low that people's basic needs cannot be met. Poverty is a condition in which a person cannot fully meet their basic living needs, such as clothing, food, and shelter, and suffering individuals and families may be denied adequate housing, clean water, solid food, and clinical attention. Each country may have its own threshold that determines the number of relatives living in poverty.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To study the causes of rural poverty and anti-poverty program

2. To study why India is still a poor country

METHODOLOGY:

An incredible amount of methodology is required to prepare an analytical paper equally with the qualitative and quantitative methods used in research. Secondary data is required for this text and secondary data has been collected from literary sources such as various magazines, Eco Surveys, articles, reports, books, magazines and literature on the subject. The aim is to collect the latest updated information on the subject, the initiative of e-sources has a keen eye.

CAUSES OF RURAL POVERTY:

(I)GEOGRAPHICAL FACTOR:

Rural Poverty is often a product of poor infrastructure hinders development and mobility. In certain rustic zones, topographical components make conditions that lead to neediness. One of India's most unmistakable geological components is capricious storms and climate, which sway the harvest creation and yield. Normal disasters like floods, dry season, tornadoes, and so forth incur significant damage and harm the yield, domesticated animals, and land. These outcomes bring about hefty misfortune in neediness. For a model, the late Cyclone Palin has caused extraordinary harm in the whole Country. This has prompted a much-discussed onion value rise.

(II)PERSONAL FACTORS:

Inadequate food and limited or poor resources, Lack of tape water in households, poor economy, lack of facilities, your monetary status is characterized by what you do and what you are resolved to do. There are numerous individual factors that lead to neediness. One of these is an ailment. Because of neediness families don't get enough food to eat and in this manner, need insusceptibility. They become inclined to numerous maladies. So, at all they acquire is used in the treatment of the equivalent. Disorder thus prompts more destitution. It is appropriately said that "Destitution and affliction structure a horrendous organization each encouraging the other to add to the torments of generally shocking of humankind." Laziness and not ready to work is another significant explanation of neediness in India. Individuals simply don't have any desire to work. Indeed, even in metropolitan zones, you may have run over bums who are healthy however are not ready to work regardless of whether given a few. They need pain free income. Dependence on drinking, drugs, and other social indecencies add to country poor state. These are sufficient to make the whole family poor. Perspectives on Business Management & Economics Volume III • December 2020 • ISBN: 978-81-951151-1-2 149 Web: www.pbme.in

(III) BIOLOGICAL FACTORS:

In certain rural areas geographical factors create conditions which leads to poverty. One of the most prominent geographical factors in India is unpredictable monsoons and weather which impact the crop production and yield. Natural calamities like food, drought, cyclones take their own toll and damages the crop livestock and land. Heavy loss is caused by these results in poverty.

(IV)ECONOMIC FACTORS:

Rural India depends upon agriculture, Agriculture in sector in India is still underdeveloped to provide enough jobs, poor Infrastructure, rural industries, rural unemployment, micro finance, rural health and sanitation, the more significant part of the ranchers actually depends on crude techniques for farming. With this, the yearly produce is frequently extremely less. Besides, the farming segment in India is as yet immature to give enough positions. Individuals at the head of the flexible chain procure the greatest advantage of the rancher's difficult work. Be that as it may, it ought to be another path to inspire rustic India and eradicate rural neediness.

(V)POLITICAL FACTORS:

India’s population crossed 1.21cr in 2011 census, In India every third person falls in below poverty line, Political factor effects more, Increase rate of rising population, Less productivity in Agriculture, Less utilisation of resources, Short rate of Economic development, increase in price rise, Unemployment, shortage of capital and able entrepreneurship.

MAJOR ANTI POVERTY PROGRAMMES:

1.The Integrated Rural Development Programme/Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna was established in 1980 to ensure all round development of the rural poor. Entrepreneurship has been emphasized through IRDP.

2.Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) was established in 2001 with the aim of providing employment to the rural poor.

3. Pradhanmantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY) was started in 2000 with major focus on village level development especially in five areas including primary healthcare, primary education, housing, rural roads and drinking water and nutrition.

4.The National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) was launched in 2006 to provide a legal guarantee of 100 days of salaried employment. The main objective of this plan was to create jobs and create wealth.

5. Antodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) was started in 2000 to provide food security to poor families.

6. Voluntary Depository of National Housing Bank was started in 1991 to use black money to build affordable housing for the poor.

7. Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) was started in 1982 to provide adequate opportunities for self-employment to rural women living below the poverty line.

8. Jan Shree Bima Yojana was established in 2000 to provide insurance cover to people living below the poverty line.

9. Shiksha Sahyog Yojana started in 2001 to provide education to children living below the poverty line.

REASONS WHY INDIA IS STILL A POOR COUNTRY:

CORRUPTION Corruption is a major challenge that our country still faces, many scams in recent years explain the corruption saga in almost all ministries, corruption is considered one of the biggest causes of poverty in India. Corruption in the Public Distribution System and #40; PDSand#41; is the worst among its kind. The main sources of corruption in India are welfare programs and social spending, such as Mahatma Gandhi's National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), a $9 billion program designed to provide the country with 100 days of business a year. poor. But MNREGA withered due to pollution and confusion. Like MNREGA, the National Rural Livelihood Mission also met the same fate. We wanted to be a part of it. Although the administration is putting a lot of energy into "holistic development," pollution continues to take its toll. So all such projects of poor and penniless were neglected to blind them and help them. The very poor are deprived of even their basic rights and needs. The contamination is much the same as endemic in India. It causes social differences and affects the economy of our country. The property given to inspire the poor is misused. Deregulation is still needed. Indeed, even the least difficult task is not achieved without victory. The decline also delays and checks economic development. According to data compiled by Bloomberg, corrupt government officials in the province of Uttar Pradesh looted nearly $14.5 billion worth of food. The robber became poor enough to survive without the necessary amount of food and the children to experience health damage. There are many different instances of authoritarian humiliation, which further weakens the situation and makes the poor less happy.

ECONOMIC POLICY:

It is accepted that the currency changes that began in the mid-1990s led to the collapse of India's agricultural economy. It also caused an agricultural crisis. Faced with a huge responsibility, the helpless shepherds have no choice but to call it quits. As legal measurements show, since 1997 the number of herdsmen committing suicide has also increased. The lawmaker's new order encourages livestock farmers to switch crops from conventional crops. Be that as it may, this led to a compounded increase in ranch input costs, causing financial stress and then poverty. Also, Indian cities are not independent like before. Provincial youths are usually not skilled, need knowledge and don't even want to farm. All this is enough for a terrible and helpless future. The government should think of plans to trust the cities. The youth must be given knowledge based education.

MISMANAGEMENT AND THE ERA DEVELOPMENT MODEL:

Much of the support collected or allocated to support prevention plans is used as authority spending. So the whole chain, which is designed to help the poor, won't let that happen. GREAT LOMBING growth Rapid and sustained population growth is certainly not the immediate cause of the need. However, it is an effect. It is rightly said that the excess of everything is terrible. This also applies to this situation. More individuals means more assets. Perspectives on Business Management and Economics Volume III • December 2020 • ISBN: 978-81-951151-1-2 151 Website: www.pbme.in food and so on. Be that as it may, if this surplus is properly prepared, it can contribute to the financial development of the country at that moment.

FINANCIAL DIFFERENTIAL VALUE IS ALWAYS GROWING:

India's development model has certainly benefited financial experts who are bombarded when we see that nearly 213 million Indians are constantly hungry. Equally chaotic expert rights are ignored. They lack and are not compensated by mechanical development and regularly increasing swelling. Every year many young women are abused and receive cash for such a significant difference. At the same time, child labor also increased. The rich get more riches. In this unequal situation, the top five percent of families have access to 38 percent of India's total resources, while the bottom 60 percent have only 13 percent of the benefits.

LACK OF SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRIES:

Most economic policies and reforms are not friendly to small-scale industries. This policy thus makes and creates bureaucrats, but oppresses entrepreneurs.

MENTALITY OF POOR:

External factors and the inside will of needy individuals to stay poor is an obstruction. It is probably observed solid homeless people at the red light. On the off chance that they are solicited to do a task rather than asking, at that point, their basic answer is no. Indeed, even their children do not go to class yet ask. They can never emerge from this enthusiastic pattern of asking and neediness. To emerge from destitution, one needs to adjust one perspective. Poor must comprehend the significance of training and its long-lasting advantages. There is no lack of occupations in India. Regardless of whether or not instructed, we have enough positions like wrapping the shading, adding catches to the effectively sewed garments and sweaters, making sheets for electronic products, and so forth. I have seen individuals procuring from these sorts of occupations and sending their children to class to have a superior future. India needs incredible political pioneers to push the country forward. Efficiency and how to utilize human assets for profitability must be engaged. India must teach every youngster with the goal that an asset can be included. India must have an unmistakable financial vision, and an incredible framework is a spot to execute this. Confounded philosophies must be isolated from the obvious and result situated ones. India must be liberated from defilement to get rich.

CONCLUSION:

We found that need refers to a situation where there is no way to control the cost of basic human needs such as clean water, food, medical services, clothing, food and shelter, scarcity is a cruel problem. slaughter Perspectives on Business Administration and Economics Volume III

December 2020 ISBN: 978-81-951151-1-2 152 Website: www.pbme.in population is moderate and we as influential people must do something about it. In addition, we have observed that the need for help tends to affect those in need due to their limited resources. That is, poverty is a problem that hurts the needy, who must avoid lack; However, they do not understand this, because they do not have the help of rich people. Despite many people trying to stop this need, it will be difficult to stop without the help of rich countries. This is because to fight against poverty, we have to fight it with big money and those individual countries that could support us with this need. Something different we have learned is that the needs now seem much more dire than at first; many children live in garbage dumps, starving. The explanation for the infinite number of people living in poverty is based on the fact that many others spend cash on things they don't need to bother with. (Article) this brings us to the consequences of this problem: dangerous diseases that cause people to fall and abandon their lives. We realized that necessity drives people to abuse drugs or abuse others. Also, while many people support helping people living in poverty, others do not support those who try to end the need for help. The most important thing we all learned from this study is that the need can be stopped, but in order for us to have a chance to stop it, we all have to help each other without contempt or anything else that could hurt us. So for those who want to help, don't help because you feel pressured, do it when you need to and your heart tells you to.

REFERENCE:

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2. Deaton, Angus 2003. ‘Prices and Poverty in India: 1987-2000’, Economic and Political Weekly, 38(4), 362-368.

3. Deaton, A. and Dreze Jean 2002, ‘Poverty and Inequality in India: A Re-examination,’ Economic and Political Weekly, 37(36).

4. Dev, M. and Ravi, C. (2007), Poverty and Inequality: all-India and States, 1983-2005, Economic and Political Weekly, February 10, pp. 509-521.

5. Haan, Arjan de and Dubey, Amaresh 2003. ‘Extreme Deprivation in Remote Rural Areas in India: Social Exclusion as Explanatory Concept,’ Paper presented at the International Conference on Chronic Poverty, IDPM University of Manchester, April 7-9.

6. Mallik, R.M. 2002. ‘Forest Resources and Forest Management Policies,’ in Orissa Development Report, Planning Commission, Government of India, New Delhi.

7. Mallik, R.M. 2003. ‘Tribal Livelihood and Forest Management Policy,’ (Unpublished), Nabakrushna Choudhry Institute of Development Studies, Bhubaneshwar.

8. Misra, S.N. 2005. ‘National Food for Work Programme for Reducing Chronic Poverty in Nabarangpur District: An Impact Study,’ Paper presented at Consultation Workshop on Chronic Poverty in Orissa: Sustainable Livelihood, Development Policies, and Governance, NCDS, Bhubaneshwar, August 25.

9. Padhi, S. Panigrahi, N. and Mishra A.K. (2005), Tribal Population and Chronic Poverty in Orissa: A Note on North-South Divide, IIPA-CORC Working paper No. 27, Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi.

10. Pradhan, J.P. et. al., 2004. ‘Interpreting the Demand for Koshala State in Orissa: Development Versus Underdevelopment,’ (Unpublished), Koshala Development Forum, New Delhi.

11. https://www.savethechildren.in/articles/dynamics-of-rural-poverty-in-india7

Received on 03.04.2023 Modified on 10.04.2023

Int. J. Rev. and Res. Social Sci. 2023; 11(1):53-56.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2687.2023.00009