INTRODUCTION:

The term rural development connotes overall development of rural areas to improve the quality of life of rural people. In this sense. it is a comprehansive and multidimentional concept, and encompasses the development of agriculture and allied activities. village and cottage industries and, above all, human resources in rural areas. It is an integrated process, which includes social, economical, political and spiritual development of the poorer sections of the society. According to Robert Chambers, (an academic and development practitioner) rural development is a stretegy to enable a specific group of people, poor rural women and men, to gain for themselves, and their children more of what they want and need. It involves helping the poorest among those who seek a broad principles for NGO involvement; National Rural Health Mission (NRHM, the Ninth Five year plan (1997-2002) livelihood in the rural areas to demand and control more of the benefits of rural development. The group includes small scale farmers, tenants and the landless. Rural development is a process that aims at improving the quality and the standard of living of people living in the rural areas. A number of Non-Govermental organizations have been playing a vital role in rural community development, besides government interventions. Realizing that the goverment alone was not able to meet the challenges of the massive enormous tasks in the process of rural development, the non profit, voluntary and non-govermental organizations had to be involved in different phases and activities at the global, regional and local levels. The NGO sector effectively works towards uplifting the socio-economic status of the poor. Legislative provisions for rural development and socio Economic Goals under the Constitution of india.

Socio Economic goals under the constitution of Indian Context rural development assumes greater significans as 72.22 percent (according to the 2001 census) of its population still live in rural areas. Most of the people living in rural areas draw their livelihood from agriculture and allied sectors (60.41% of total work force), and poverty mostly persists here (27.1% in 1999-2000). At the time of independence around 83 percent of the indian populations were living in rural areas. Every constitution has a cultural philosophy of its own, the purpose and reason for incorporating the provisions of it especially Directive Principles of state Policy is to be found in the socio economic conditions of the people at the time when the constitution was framed. The very first objective of the Indian constitution is Legislative provisions for socio economic development The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Gurantee Act (MNREGA), 2005 aims to gurantee the right to work and ensure livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.

To achieve the above mentioned socio economic goals Five-year Plans (FYPs) are centralized and integreted national economic programs. The economy of India is based in part on planning through its five-year plans. which are developed, excuted and monitored by the planning commission of India. The eleventh plan completed its term in march 2012 and the twelfth plan is currently underway. These NGOs have been constantly working to solve various problems concerning children, women, senior citizens, environment, agriculture etc. in rural development agricultural or resource based businesses. Education enterpreneurship. During the 7^th five year plan, role of the NGOs was accepted as complimentary to the State and they were assigned the role of advocacy of Govt. schemes, to act as a link between the Govt. machinary and the masses and basically to carry forward the agenda of the Govt. A number of model schemes were introduced during the 8th Plan period under which NGOs were entrusted with promotion of the Small familly Norm and Population Control. During the 9th five-year Plan, the scope of the NGO movement has been widened considerably and they have emerged as pioneers of reform movement within health and family welfare sector in many States.

This coincided with the launching of RCH Programmed. Economic stability is key to stop the migration of labour from place to place and thereby giving a chance to child education. Some succesful NGOs in Rural Development, through their hard work, dedication, commitment combined with professional competency and intigrity have made their mark in the field of Rural Development during last three decades. Non-govermental organizations (NGOs) and agencies will have a pivotal role in the conduct of the organizations (NGOs) and agencies wil have a pivotal role in the conduct of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA). The central goverment has directed the state goverment to select NGOs or Lok Sevaks and a Lok Karmi or volunteer in every panchayat for implementing the Act.

Role and effectiveness of NGOs in rural development work:

Major rural development programmers of the NGOs were agricultural programmers, health programmers, human resource development programmers, community development and industrial and trade programmed. Majority of the beneficiaries. workers of NGOs and workers of other development agencies considered rural development works of the NGOs can play a vital role in the development. The role of state in the planning process. political parties, participation of human rights, empowerment of women, child and weaker sections, ushering in silent revolution etc. However, this study also point out that expecting radical’s social change through voluntary effort is also a kind of day-dreaming and add that the socio-economic structure and states positives attitudes towards NGOs also contribute for its growing role in the development process.

Rural development aims at finding the ways to improve the rural lives with participation of the rural people themselves so as to meet the required need of the rural area. The outsider may not understand the sitting, culture, language and other things prevalent in the local area. As such, general people themselves have to participate in their sustainable rural development. Till our panchayats become capable and accountable to handle large sum and certain technical programmes. there is nothing wrong in involving competent agency. whether the Goverment department or NGO involved in Rural Development programme, under the supervision and monitoring of ultimate masters, the village community. The distribution of huge funds has to be based on sound economic principals: otherwise, our villages will not see tangible improvements in near future.

In operational context the major issues facing by the NGOs are the lack of quqlified individuals who whoud like to work in the rural areas. Another major problem that NGOs are facing in India is their dependency upon government funds or external donations. with this dependency. NGOs are facing in india is their dependency upon goverment funds or external donations. with this dependency, NGOs are less flexible in carrying out their task as most of the tasks depend upon funds. Moreover, the structures of NGOs have become bureaucratic in nature leading to a decreased effectiveness in the overall development, Then the traditional thinking of rural people, their poor understanding because of high rate of illiteracy for comprehending new technology and efforts, lack of awareness is people related hurdles that NGOs are facing. villages also lack infrastructure facilities like whater, electricity, educational institutes, communication facilities that leads to their slow development. Apart from these, there are certain problems like economics such as high cost technology, underpriviledge rural industries, social and cultural differences, conflicts between different groups, administrative problems like political interference, lack of motivation and interest act as hurdles on the way to rural development in india.

REFERENCES:

1. Rural and Urban Sociology - K. Singh, Prakashan Kendra, Lucknow, (Revised and Enlarged Edition)

2. Social Problems in India – Ram Ahuja, Rawat Publication – New Delhi – ISBN 81-7033-413-6, (Second Edition)

3. Rural and Urban Sociology - Prof. A.G. Shah and Prof. J. K. Dave, Anda Prakashan, Karnavati. (Revised Second Edition – 2004-2005)

4. Sociology of Development – Prof. Dr. Hemiksha Rao, Pasharva Publication, Karnavati. (First Edition – 2009)

5. 50 Years of Golden Gujarat – Vishnu Pandya and Ed. Aarti Pandya, Nav Bharat Sahitya Mandir, Karnavati. (First Edition-2010)

6. NGOs in India – Across Section Study – R. Sooryamurthy and K.D. Gangrade, Prager Publishers Inc, ISBN-13:978-0313319549, 30-July 2011.

7. Development NGOs and Civil Society – Edited By Deborah Eade, Introduced by Jenny Pearce, Rawat Publications. Jaypur New Delhi, Kolkatta.

Received on 11.07.2023 Modified on 10.08.2023

Int. J. Rev. and Res. Social Sci. 2023; 11(3):168-170.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2687.2023.00027